AMBIENTUM BIOETHICA BIOLOGIA CHEMIA DIGITALIA DRAMATICA EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNAST. ENGINEERING EPHEMERIDES EUROPAEA GEOGRAPHIA GEOLOGIA HISTORIA HISTORIA ARTIUM INFORMATICA IURISPRUDENTIA MATHEMATICA MUSICA NEGOTIA OECONOMICA PHILOLOGIA PHILOSOPHIA PHYSICA POLITICA PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA SOCIOLOGIA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA LATIN THEOLOGIA GR.-CATH. VARAD THEOLOGIA ORTHODOXA THEOLOGIA REF. TRANSYLVAN
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Autori: MILÁN IVANICS, ANDRÁS KISS, GÁBOR TÓTH, KRISZTINA TAKÁCS, ANDREA BALOGH, JÓZSEF FODOR, KLÁRA MANNINGER, LÁSZLÓ TAMÁS, BARNABÁS JENES.
The rust disease (Puccinia spp.) belongs to the group of most important fungal diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) and the stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) cause – depending on the year effect – very severe loss of quality and quantity in cultivated wheat year by year in Hungary. Wheat is one of the major agricultural crops in Hungary as well as in many countries all over the world. The conventional breeding methods were not able to produce an outbreak in providing considerably tolerant genotypes. Based on this observation it seems to be useful to take new approaches to develop the resistance of wheat against rust diseases and to combine the genetic transformation and the classical plant breeding. We expect stabilization of yield quality and yield safety by the increased resistance against upper mentioned rust fungus diseases with the use of available tools and processes of biotechnology. When plants are attackted by fungi part of their response is producing PR (pathogenesis related) proteins as chitinases, glucanases. But the induced self-defense mechanism does not provide enough protection in most of the cases, because either they are not effective or they are activated too late because there are many different processes of metabolic pathways. Our goal was to build the cmg1 gene, coding for a 83.2 kDa exoglucanase enzyme of Coniothyrium minitans into wheat with direct genetransfer. Considering the constitutive gene regulation, the mentioned resistant plants produce the protein of hydrolase activity in all parts of the plants, what means a certain risk of GM technology in today’s public opinion. According to the upper mentioned facts we inserted the transgene under tissue specific regulation, so that the protecting recombinant protein is present only in the green tissues of the transgenic plants and we cannot detect it in the starchy endosperm of the wheat kernel. To achieve this goal cmg1 gene had to be inserted into a gene construction where it was under regulation of the wheat‟s own ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxilate-oxigenase gene’s (rubisco) promoter. We developed a modified biotest system, after the standard methods, so that we could be able to test the biological efficiency of this „general‟ resistance. After the molecular genetics proofs – PCR, RT-PCR, Western Blot, etc. – the transgenic plants underwent a biotest, where all the available races of leaf rust in Hungary was used for provoked infection. The results of biotests indicated that many of the GM wheat lines showed considerably high-level resistance against P. recondita.
