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    STUDIA SOCIOLOGIA - Issue no. 1 / 2003  
         
  Article:   SEVERAL LANDMARKS IN EXPLAINING LOW AND LATE FERTILITY.

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  Abstract:  Several Landmarks in Explaining Low and Late Fertility. During the second half of the 20th century one can observe marked changes in the demographic behavior, differing from the strong uniformity in the life course patterns encountered during the first half of the century. In this context, a “second demographic transition” is considered to take place. The historical fertility transition was characterized by increased fertility control at higher ages and reduction in high order births. The “second demographic transition”, by contrast, is characterized by the adoption of efficient contraception at early ages and by the overall postponement of parenthood. In the first part of the paper, I take a look at the present state of fertility in Europe and the degree of advancement of these new behaviors in European countries. In the second part, I analyze several factors that can have impact on the present manifestations of fertility, such as economic situation, women’s involvement in the labour market, ideational change, gender equity. None of these factors can explain alone the changes in demographic bahavior, but all have relevance and should not be considered as mutually exclusive alternatives.  
         
     
         
         
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