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Modelling and simulation of the activated sludge wastewater treatment processes proved to be very useful in the design, upgrade, control, evaluation and optimisation of wastewater treatment plants. This paper introduces existing activated sludge models and discusses empirical modelling techniques that can be used for the above tasks. Besides the description of the „traditional” Activated Sludge Models (ASMs), the paper suggests that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models can successfully be used for many modelling applications, outperforming the ASMs in some aspects. Advantages and disadvantages of the different modelling techniques are also discussed.

Keywords: modelling, activated sludge, wastewater treatment, artificial neural networks