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The Synechocystis sp. AICB 51 strain is a mesophilic cyanobacterium able to use the inorganic carbon added to the growth medium as NaHCO₃. The optimization of the growth factors and the quality of the biomass constituents represent two essential factors for the development of certain applications. The effect of temperature (24-36^oC) on the growth process in batch system was studied, as well as the fatty acids composition. The optimal growth temperature is of approx. 30^oC, in fluorescent light with 630 μmol∙m^-2∙s^-1 irradiance. A specific growth rate of 0.8 days^-1 and a doubling time of 1.2 days were observed. The gas chromatography analysis of the methyl esters has displayed a profile with a low number of molecular species, the lack of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and a high amount of myristic acid (14:0). The composition variations caused by the growth of the AICB 51 Synechocystis strain in different temperatures (24-36^oC) were noticeable, particularly in the supra-optimal interval (33-36^oC). An increase of palmitic acid content and a decrease of palmitoleic acid (the dominant monounsaturated acid) were observed in this temperature interval, possibly due to a lowered activity of the temperature-dependent desaturases.