AMBIENTUM BIOETHICA BIOLOGIA CHEMIA DIGITALIA DRAMATICA EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNAST. ENGINEERING EPHEMERIDES EUROPAEA GEOGRAPHIA GEOLOGIA HISTORIA HISTORIA ARTIUM INFORMATICA IURISPRUDENTIA MATHEMATICA MUSICA NEGOTIA OECONOMICA PHILOLOGIA PHILOSOPHIA PHYSICA POLITICA PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA SOCIOLOGIA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA LATIN THEOLOGIA GR.-CATH. VARAD THEOLOGIA ORTHODOXA THEOLOGIA REF. TRANSYLVAN
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Authors: GYÖRGY HELTAI, MÁRK HORVÁTH, ILONA FEKETE, GÁBOR HALÁSZ, KATALIN KOVÁCS, ANITA TAKÁCS, ZOLTÁN GYŐRI, ÉVA HORVÁTH, ORSOLYA SZÉCSY.
environmental systems are determined by their specific chemical forms. Biological risk assessment of contaminated areas therefore in principle requires the total speciation of all chemical elements present in the system. However, to solve such analytical task in practice is impossible. As a compromise fractionation by extraction with a series of solvents with increasing chemical agressivity is applied for characterization of environmental mobility of heavy metals. Methodologies developed for this purpose are based on the application of solvents modelling the different environmental conditions sequentially or one by one mode. Sequential extraction scheme generally proposed by EU for investigation of aquatic sediments can distinguish four fractions by gradually decomposition of chemical structures of sediment: 1. Water soluble and carbonate-bound; 2. Bound to reducible Fe- and Mn-oxides; 3. Bound to organic matter and metal-sulphides; 4. Residual (soluble in strong oxidative acids). Recently the pollution events connected with the mining and metallurgical industry (Tisza-2000, Red mud-2010) enhanced the interest for development of fractionation methodology suitable for rapid and longterm risk assessment. In present paper an overview will be given on the progress in these methodogies extension of applicability to different environmental sample matrices (e.g. soils, gravitation dust, biofilms, red mud), solving of calibration and validation problems connected with application of multielemental spectrochemical methods in this field.
Key words: heavy metals, speciation, sequential extraction
