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Water safety management demands a quantitative understanding of how processes and actions affect water quality, which in turn requires an understanding of risk assessment. Contamination of drinking-water by microbial pathogens can cause disease outbreaks and contribute to background rates of disease. There are many treatment options for eliminating pathogens from drinking-water, and finding the right solution for a particular supply involves choosing from a range of processes. Chlorination has been successfully used for the control of waterborne infectious diseases and is the most widely used cost effective method of disinfection. The identification of chlorination byproducts (CBPs) and their potential health hazards has created a major issue in balancing chemical toxicity with risks from pathogenic microbes. The process of providing safe drinking water has relied on the protection of water sources, the application of the specific treatment technologies and the protection and maintaining quality in the distribution system. The health risk factors which can be associated with a drinking water treatment plant are related to: water contamination during treatment steps, final disinfection efficiency, distributed water quantity and distribution continuity.

Key words: drinking water treatment, technology, health benefits, health risks