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The STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI issue article summary
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Abstract: The study presents the relationship between the Romanian government and the Hungarian minority of Romania, especially the Hungarian Reformed Church between 1940 and ‘45. In August 1940 the Second Vienna Award tore Transylvania in two parts. Northern Transylvania became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, and Southern Transylvania remained under Romanian rule. About 500 000 ethnic Hungarians remained under Romanian rule and 200 000 of them were Calvinist Protestants. The relationship of these Hungarians with the Romanian majority was characterized by the wrath of the Romanians felt for the loss of considerable territories. Romanians considered the Hungarians of Romania guilty for everything that followed the Vienna Award, even though Hungarians of Romania had nothing to do with what happened in Northern Transylvania. The minority policy of the Romanian government focused on ethnic cleansing due to the fear that the presence of 500 000 ethnic Hungarians may be the basis for further Hungarian territorial claims regarding Southern Transylvania. The so called “mutual minority policy” was another factor characterizing the situation of the Hungarian minority. This policy meant that the Romanian government will act the same way against the Hungarian minority as the Hungarian government does against the Romanian minority. Even though the goal of this policy was to ameliorate the situation of both minorities, it lead to the aggravation of their situation. Relationship with the Hungarian minority of Romania was also defined by the primitive nationalism of the Romanian government and economical aspects. Xenophobia was central in Romanian ethnic policy, which excluded pluralist and democratic aspects. Harsh economical prejudices have led to the pauperization of the Hungarian minority and determined several Hungarians to choose immigration to Hungary. Forms of prejudices against Hungarian vary on a very large scale. From physical atrocities including brutal beatings and murder attempts to community prejudices including the limitation of human rights through economical atrocities, which have led to the pauperization of the Hungarian minority several government and civil acts have made the life of the Hungarian minority worse every day. As a conclusion we may say that contrary to the expectations, the Second Vienna Award has brought no reconciliation in the national problem of Transylvania, but burdened the Hungarian-Romanian relations until the contemporary era. |
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