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Disorders of associative agnosia put in relation the mechanisms of the memory, the knowledge and the emergence of the conscience. We think that these experiments are a good proof of the epistemic relationship between the processes of knowledge and recognition. The author defend the thesis according to which, the recognition is the base of knowledge. To be able to know it is initially necessary to be able to recognize. The principles of Leibniz, the Frege’s theory of the sign and the cases of associative aphasia will allow to clarify this question.

Key Words: identity, knowledge, recognition, associative agnosia, Leibniz, Frege.