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Rezumat articol ediţie STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI
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Rezumat: When discussing this topic we set out from the fact that education of girls in each era depended on the attitude of the given society towards the female sex, and on how it judged them. Then it is outlined how the education of girls was formed centuries before the Reformation, and what important role the Reformation played in the field of education, particularly in the education of girls. All this is presented to the reader first examining the Western European and then the Hungarian situation. Then we briefly analyze 16th century sources that show the beginnings of the education of girls in Hungary. Protocols and other relevant sources provide the greatest help when discussing this subject. It is found that female education commencing in the 16-17th century in our country was surging, which is not typical later of the 18th century. In the early 18th century, a memorandum of Tokaj from 1711, writes that the church parish of Tokaj “purchased a fundus for a girls’ schola”. In other words, in the field of girls’ education a form of institutionalization started, which still did not mean equal schooling with that of the boys. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the traditional perception was still strong that women should not engage in studying or politics, just be a good wife, mother and housewife, i.e., just live for the family. This is certainly not meant for every social class, since the girls and the women of poorer sections of the population had to work for the daily bread. Despite all these, there were some who urged the opportunities for girls to study at primary, secondary, and even at tertiary levels. In addition, laws were issued in the 19th century that required by statute, not only as a possibility, for girls to study. The difference between female and male roles was subordinated for a long time to the view that defined the attitude to the education of girls. We cannot say that this changed by the 19th century, since the opinion of society is divided on the roles of the two sexes still for a long time.
Keywords: women, men, education, gender, differences. |
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