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    STUDIA BIOLOGIA - Ediţia nr.1 din 2013  
         
  Articol:   POSTER ABSTRACTS : SPONTANEOUS VIVIPARIA AND NODAL SHOOT FORMATION AFTER WINTER SEASON IN GIANT REED (ARUNDO DONAX L.).

Autori:  GABRIELLA ANTAL, FÁRI MIKLÓS GÁBOR.
 
       
         
  Rezumat:  VIEW PDF: POSTER ABSTRACTS

Due to the increased demand for growing dedicated biomass crops some previous and new molecular breeding methods as well as in vitro somatic techniques have to be integrated into the creation of specially designed „biogeneration” crops. Such as perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRG), like bamboo species, Miscanthus sp., giant reed, switchgrass, sugarcane and energy cane hybrids etc. can be cultivated under marginal fields. In order to prognosticate the effect of climate changes on biological and growing techniques, the Working Group of Biogeneration Crops conducted some R&D activities about natural habitats as well as on biotechnologically propagated synplant populations of giant reed and miscanthus since 2010. In the case of giant reed there were observed some surprising phenomenon closely linked to the climate changes. We observed spontaneously formed viviparia and sprouting of secondary nodal shoots from two-year-old stems. Among the monocotyledonous plants species it can be found some good examples for viviparia. One of the known examples is Poa bulbosa, however similar phenomenon has already described in Festuca viviparum and Deschampsia alpina. In 2010 we conducted field research in southern-east part of Portugal where asexual viviparia was also observed in some wild (naturalized) giant reed populations. We measured that there were about 2.500 pieces of well developed shoot-buds and micro-shoots of 1-10 cm lengths per fully developed panicle. Thirty shoot-buds were removed and separated randomly by hand and they were placed into tap water where all of them rooted successfully. We think that such modification of generative panicles to vegetative propagules is considered as strong physiological alterations of which exact background is till now unknown. We think that they were probably formed under extreme heat stress conditions. In spring of 2013, we observed another vegetative reproduction ability of giant reed in Hungary. From the nodes of two-year-old stems there were observed spontaneous secondary nodal sprouting; this is well known phenomenon across the Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical countries. In June of 2013 we find that this phenomenon was quite usual in some location at Lake Balaton mostly next to the roads and railways, gardens and parks too. In middle of July, 2013 we measured that a medium-size cane of 1 m diameter and 2.5 m high contained in average 20 pieces of secondary sprouting stems and 200 nodal (secondary) shoots of 10 to 40 cm lengths. There were isolated one-node cuttings and they were planted to soil for rooting. From these lateral shoots there were successfully isolated shoot-meristems under in vitro conditions. Based on our observations carried out on giant reed, the following conclusions can be summarised: 1.) To prevent potential invasiveness in our climate it has to be avoiding establishing farms at surrounding areas of water banks and lakes; 2.) The undeveloped young secondary nodal buds of the second-year-old stems are highly useful pathogen-free source for initiation of in vitro propagules. Acknowledgements. This work is partly supported by the TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0041 project and co-financed by the European Union and the European Social Fund. Additional financial support is also gratefully acknowledged for the MOP Biotech Co Ltd. (Nyíregyháza, Hungary) and Ereky Foundation (Debrecen, Hungary).
 
         
     
         
         
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