AMBIENTUM BIOETHICA BIOLOGIA CHEMIA DIGITALIA DRAMATICA EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNAST. ENGINEERING EPHEMERIDES EUROPAEA GEOGRAPHIA GEOLOGIA HISTORIA HISTORIA ARTIUM INFORMATICA IURISPRUDENTIA MATHEMATICA MUSICA NEGOTIA OECONOMICA PHILOLOGIA PHILOSOPHIA PHYSICA POLITICA PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA SOCIOLOGIA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA LATIN THEOLOGIA GR.-CATH. VARAD THEOLOGIA ORTHODOXA THEOLOGIA REF. TRANSYLVAN
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Autori: ERIKA KURUCZ, P. SZARVAS, FÁRI MIKLÓS GÁBOR.
Virginia mallow (Sida, Sida hermaphrodita Rushby) is a perspective perennial semishrub plant species originating from North-America. This endemic and endangered species will probably receive much more attention in Central Europe as one of the best dedicated candidate among temperate climate biomass crops. Based on former investigations, Sida can cultivate under marginal land conditions and it can tolerate the oscillations of climate changes and drought with a biomass output around 10-20 attroton ha-1. Besides this one other important economical character is that the water-content of Sida stems decrease bellow 40% until November, preceded the perennial grasses and woody energy species. As a new candidate of the second generation energy plants, Sida is able to serve considerably the Biomass Supply Chain (BSC) strategies in our region. The breeding of biomass plants can be economical and sustainable, if the cultivated plants are adaptable, and it possible to grow calculable and CO2-positive field cultivation way. Biotechnological and environmental research of Sida is necessary before we take it into cultivation for industrial biomass purposes. The aim of our biotech-assisted breeding program is to develop new methods for Sida propagation and industrial-scale nursery operations. The directions of our investigations are the followings: Improvement of seed germination: Sida is a semi-domesticated species therefore it has some field propagation difficulties. Freshly collected unimproved maturated seeds have a very low germination rate which is varied between 5 to 15%. Therefore, one of our main seed physiological researches was to increase the seed germination percentage of our Sida populations up to 70-80%. By means of special seed-priming methods such high germination capacity now is possible and we are able to manage large-scale propagation in industrial plantlet factories. Polyploidization program: Another important area of mallow breeding and research is neodomestication and crossing of mallow species with 2n=28 chromosomes. In 2010 the Sida polyploidization program has been initiated, both from the seeds originated from our former collection (under the name of Napaea dioica) as well as from seeds originated from wild populations (USA). Investigation of Sida stress-tolerance: We started to study the Sida dry-stress tolerance in the point of view of the functional changes / disorders of the photosynthetic system. Discover of Sida plant pathological background: Because of deficient knowledge of Sida phytopathological background, the farmers who plant Sida from root cuttings confronted considerable risks. We think that it has to give preference to propagation from seeds that from root cuttings. The most serious disease of Sida was Sclerotinia blight, moreover we observed other soilborne stem and root infections as well as airborne seed infections which molecular identifications and characterizations are in progress. Breeding of ornamental Sida: In 2011 different stem colour variations have been identified in our populations. The discovered stem colours are linked closely to the colour of the pistillum, indicating genetic marker of clonal stability of the colour variations. Due to their lovely purple, yellowish and other stem colour characters, Sida can also be appropriate species for ornamental purposes. Acknowledgements. The work is partly supported by the TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0041 project and co-financed by the European Union and the European Social Fund. Additional financial support is also gratefully acknowledged for the MOP Biotech Co Ltd. (Nyíregyháza, Hungary) and Ereky Foundation (Debrecen, Hungary). We thank Dr. E. Tóth for his courtesy and assistance.
