AMBIENTUM BIOETHICA BIOLOGIA CHEMIA DIGITALIA DRAMATICA EDUCATIO ARTIS GYMNAST. ENGINEERING EPHEMERIDES EUROPAEA GEOGRAPHIA GEOLOGIA HISTORIA HISTORIA ARTIUM INFORMATICA IURISPRUDENTIA MATHEMATICA MUSICA NEGOTIA OECONOMICA PHILOLOGIA PHILOSOPHIA PHYSICA POLITICA PSYCHOLOGIA-PAEDAGOGIA SOCIOLOGIA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA THEOLOGIA CATHOLICA LATIN THEOLOGIA GR.-CATH. VARAD THEOLOGIA ORTHODOXA THEOLOGIA REF. TRANSYLVAN
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Autori: ELENA RAKOSY-TICAN, IMOLA MOLNÁR, RALUCA ALINA MUSTATA, ABDELMOUMEN TAOUTAOU, RAMONA THIEME.
The new tools of plant genetic enhancement, molecular biology, marker assisted selection (MAS), haploidization or other in vitro techniques, such as stress selection as well as the data from functional genomics and metabolomics should be used together towards a common goal, the transfer of resistance genes into crops. Today challenges such as climate change and exponential increase of human population impose new strategies to increase crop yield. The majority of the crops have got wild relatives, which developed during a co-evolutionary race between the host plant and disease or pest, different mechanisms of resistances, some controlled by resistance genes (R genes). It appears that many of those genes are clustered on few chromosomes and have some common motifs like nucleotide binding sites, leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR). Although it was thought that resistance could be transferred into crops by one gene, it occurred soon that one R gene could only confer a short-lived resistance. In order to achieve the goal of durable, sustainable resistance the only way is to transfer more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to apply more biotechnological tools for the introgression and expression of resistance traits. Creating diversity by using more wild genetic resources and mechanisms and combining more biotechnological tools i.e. combinatorial biotechnology would eventually allow us to obtain a new generation of crops with both good quality and resistance to biotic or abiotic stress. This strategy is going to be exemplified in the case of potato crop. Potato ranks third in the global crop production but suffers great loses because of diseases and pests. The goal of this presentation is to discuss the strategy of combining different biotechnological tools with the ambitious aim to deliver resistance genes into potato gene pool. In the case of potato such a combination includes: genetic transformation of Solanum chacoense (chc resistant to Colorado potato beetle – CPB), for MMR deficiency to increase homeologous recombination, somatic hybridization of potato cultivars with chc by protoplast electrofusion, selection of resistant hybrids by using molecular markers (RAPD) linked to leptines biosynthesis, repellents for CPB, testing of resistance by the use of laboratory bioassay and choice test, the analysis of trichomes and foliar metabolites and cytogenetic analysis. Other examples for multiple resistance traits or resistance genes stalking as for instance the Rpi-blb1 and Rpi-blb3 genes from the wild species S. bulbocastanum to induce resistance to late blight, or the combination of gene transfer for PVY resistance with stress selection for drought will be also presented. Acknowledgements. The project CNCS PNII-ID-PCE-2011-3-0586 is kindly acknowledged for funding part of this research.
